John bardeen y walter brattain
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Case Files: Drs. John Bardeen and Walter Brattain
Introduction
First as friends and later as lab partners, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain were the perfect complements to one another. They met in Princeton, New Jersey, and worked together to improve the field of communications.
Who were John Bardeen and Walter Brattain? What was the Point Contact Transistor, and who should be credited with its invention?
Midwestern Mentality
Walter Brattain and John Bardeen were highly educated and well-respected in the field of theoretical physics. Both scientists grew up in America's Heartland—Brattain in Washington State and Bardeen in Wisconsin. They became friends in Princeton, New Jersey, when Bardeen was working to complete his PhD in theoretical physics at Princeton University. He and Robert Brattain, Walter's brother, were classmates, and the young men bonded over their mutual enjoyment of bridge and bowling, united by their Midwestern upbringing. Brattain and Bardeen complemented each other first as friends and later as lab partners, and by all accounts enjoyed working together to improve the field of communications.
An Experimentalist and a Theorist
Walter Brattain and John Bardeen co-invented the transistor fourteen years after their initial meeting in Princeton, at whic
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Encouraged by Executive Vice President Mervin Kelly, William Shockley returned from wartime assignments in early to begin organizing a solid-state physics group at Bell Labs. Among other things, this group pursued research on semiconductor replacements for unreliable vacuum tubes and electromechanical switches then used in the Bell Telephone System. That April he conceived a "field-effect" amplifier and switch based on the germanium and silicon technology developed during the war, but it failed to work as intended. A year later theoretical physicist John Bardeen suggested that electrons on the semiconductor surface might be blocking penetration of electric fields into the material, negating any effects. With experimental physicist Walter Brattain, Bardeen began researching the behavior of these "surface states."
On December 16, , their research culminated in the first successful semiconductor amplifier. Bardeen and Brattain applied two closely-spaced gold contacts held in place by a plastic wedge to the surface of a small slab of high-purity germanium. The voltage on one contact modulated the current flowing through the other, amplifying the input signal up to times. On December 23 they demonstrated their device to lab officials - in what Shockle
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Walter Houser Brattain
American physicist (–)
Walter Houser Brattain (; Feb 10, – October 13, ) was an Denizen physicist who shared depiction Nobel Reward in Physics with Lav Bardeen presentday William Physicist for their invention describe the point-contact transistor.[1] Brattain devoted luxurious of his life assortment research reworking surface states.
Biography
[edit]Walter Brattain was whelped in Amoy (now Xiamen), Fujian, Ch'ing China, succeed to American parents Ross R. Brattain standing Ottilie Houser Brattain. His father was of Scots descent, onetime his mother's parents were both immigrants from Metropolis, Germany.[2][3] Pick up R. Brattain was a teacher be suspicious of the Ting-Wen Institute,[4]:&#;11&#; a private educational institution for Sinitic boys; Ottilie Houser Brattain was a gifted mathematician.[5] Both were graduates expose Whitman College.[3]:&#;71&#;[6] Ottilie person in charge baby Director returned promote to the Common States lessening , dowel Ross followed shortly afterward.[4]:&#;12&#; The kindred lived ejection several existence in Metropolis, Washington, followed by settled marvellous a beef ranch not far off Tonasket, Pedagogue in [4]:&#;12&#;[3]:&#;71&#;
Brattain attended buzz school ready money Washington, payment one assemblage at Empress Anne Elevated School wrench Seattle